As entities, GSPs cannot be investigated by international or national criminal tribunals. Only the individual criminal liability of its employees can be invoked before the criminal courts. This ignores the question of the responsibility of the unit as such, which, unlike an army, does not obey military hierarchical orders leading to state responsibility, but fulfills purely commercial contracts. They could only be held financially liable for damages resulting from their actions at the national level. This capacity is deliberately limited by the fact that PMCs are regularly closed and created under new names. It is also limited by the immunity they often enjoy under immunity agreements concluded between States parties and territorial States or included in agreements on the legal status of the force. Private Military Company (PMC), an independent company that provides military services to national governments, international organizations and sub-state actors. Private military contractors (PMCs) are an important and deeply controversial part of the privatized defense industry. PMCs specialize in providing combat and protection forces. Their work ranges from conducting small training missions to providing combat units of up to several hundred well-trained soldiers equipped with powerful weapons platforms, including tanks and attack helicopters. The use of private military force expresses both the expansion and dominance of the defense sector in the highly industrialized states of the world, especially the United States, whose advanced high-tech products require experts to execute, operate and manage them. Private military companies cover corporate investments and keep local regimes under siege by offering attractive investment conditions and trying to strengthen their security. They provide access to a pool of cheap labor while creating a finite market so that highly industrialized economies can maintain and increase return on investment.
Cost reduction is another source of efficiency, while PMC has an open door to raw materials and new markets. When they leave their footprint elsewhere to protect regular armies, companies like Halliburton or KBR expand their infrastructure, including military installations, transportation routes, airfields, and build a vast network of contractors and others within public customers. In the long term, the cost of civilian funds will be reduced and expenses will be reimbursed through military contracts. Almost all mercenaries have national military or police training. There are no basic mercenary training camps, so everyone starts elsewhere, usually in a national army. Some of the largest military companies are associated with specific military units. In the United States, for example, MPRI was primarily composed of veterinarians from the 82nd Airborne Division in the 1990s and early 2000s until it was purchased by L-3. Triple Canopy was founded by former Delta Force soldiers, and its name refers to the U.S.
Army`s three elite tabs — Special Forces, Ranger, and Airborne — worn on the left sleeve of the uniform, signaling a super-elite soldier. The troops joked, saying they looked like three parachute roofs, one above the other, hence the nickname “triple canopy.” Blackwater was founded by former Navy SEALs and the name refers to secret night underwater missions dubbed “Blackwater” operations because there is no visibility. Many military companies incorporate dog whistles to signal their references in order to attract high-end troops. These are the failures of private intelligence; Their successes are impressive and frightening. Expect the mercenary and private intelligence industries to grow at the same rate as wealthy non-state actors in the coming decades. The global 1% is emerging as a new class of global powers as military and intelligence capabilities are privatized and commercially available. These twin industries allow Fortune magazine`s “Fortune 500” and Forbes` “Billionaires of the World” to become armed and dangerous. They are already more powerful than most states. Can anyone really argue that Gabon is more influential in world politics than ExxonMobil simply because it is a state? Now, ExxonMobil can also have its own intelligence and armies, making it even more powerful. This introduces the possibility of stateless wars – private wars – a concept unimaginable to most national security officials. That is the danger.
You can`t win wars you don`t understand. Modern PMCs can be traced back to a group of former SAS veterans in 1965 who, under the leadership of SAS founder Sir David Stirling and John Woodhouse, founded WatchGuard International (formerly with offices on Sloane Street before moving to South Audley Street in Mayfair) as a privately held company that could be outsourced for security and military purposes. [7] The outsourcing of security to the United States normalized the market for violence and inspired warlords and other conflict contractors to create their own private military companies. Today, most private military companies operating in Iraq and Afghanistan are local and less picky than their American counterparts about who they work for and what they do. The United States is partly responsible. Take, for example, the Host Nation Trucking contract in 2010. Under the $2.16 billion contract, the U.S. military hired eight civilian transport companies to transport supplies to bases in Afghanistan and required the companies to provide their own security. In a way, this arrangement has worked well; It effectively provided most of the U.S. combat outposts in difficult and hostile terrain, while rarely needing the assistance of U.S. troops. However, a U.S.
congressional investigation found that most prime contractors hired local Afghan private military contractors to arm the truck convoys. The congressional report, titled Warlord, Inc., noted that global climate and demographic changes are also leaving room for speculation about how emerging conflicts might accustom private military contractors. As Harald Welzer put it, “the wars and armed conflicts of the future will erupt amid social collapse, resource conflicts, mass migration, security threats, widespread fears, radicalization, and militarized and violence-controlled economies.”[13] These will break away from nation states, just as the European Union is unable to direct its anti-migration measures to specific governments. In countries like Sudan, where climate change is a cause of violence and civil war, or in Central Asia, where shortages of clean water are at stake, climate-related disasters are spreading unhindered and have the potential to affect the entire region. The remedy is not to overthrow the government; Instead, it should convey a much more comprehensive approach combining economic, social and technological solutions. A potential conflict will not seek to destroy the antagonistic political agenda, but to address a specific challenge. In addition to their complex approach to combat operations, as well as their greater flexibility, an essential feature of any other private enterprise, private military companies have another advantage in the eyes of Western companies: they have the ability to outsource any armed conflict and add technological leaps to it. According to Welzer, violence occurs when there is pressure to take actions that produce results; Violence is innovative. New forms of violence are developing. This is the domain of non-human actors (Zyklon B in the gas chambers of Auschwitz) and private military companies[14].
From this point of view, the use of force serves as an experimental excuse to rationalize problem-solving actions. The easier it is for democratic states to use private military contractors – because violence is outsourced, public opinion no longer raises ethical doubts. There are two ways to find work as an undercover mercenary. When you make a deal with a client and launch a deal, you first recruit by tapping into your network. Mercenaries form informal networks based on a common military past, contacts, cultural identity, language, etc. There are now five major mercenary networks: the United States, the United Kingdom, the former Soviet republics, Latin American special forces and the Executive Outcomes network “Alumnae” in Africa. China has a small market share, but could dominate the industry if it becomes an active network.